PSYC283 Module 3 – Prenatal Period and Stages Part 2

Module 3: Prenatal Period and Stages

Part 2

PSYC 283

Human development

Introduction

Because the prenatal environment is the mother’s body, almost everything that affects her well-being, be it a genetic or environmental factor, internal or external; from what she eats up to her mood, alters the environment of the unborn and affects its growth. Prenatal development begins at the very moment of conception and ends with birth. During this period the unborn child goes through processes of Impressive developments that will culminate in birth, when you will begin your journey through life outside the mother’s womb.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND

https://www.propublica.org/article/midwives-study-maternal-neonatal-care

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/

Objectives

Describe the prenatal stages.

Explain how teratogens affect human development.

Identify the differences between the types of childbirth and the advantages/disadvantages of humanized childbirth versus “medicalized” childbirth. Prenatal stage: From conception to birth

Tomado de: Papalia, Feldman y Martorell (2012).

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under

CC BY-NC-ND

http://www.wheresmyglow.com/2010/04/my-bump-my-bump-my-bump-my-lovely-baby.html

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/

Stages of Prenatal Development

STAGE / PERIOD EVENTS

Embryonic stage

(From the second to the eighth week).

• The main apparatuses and organic systems are formed:

respiratory and digestive systems and the nervous system.

• It is a critical period, during which the embryo is most vulnerable to destructive influences from the prenatal environment.

• The most damaged embryos do not survive the first trimester of pregnancy.

• Three out of four abortions occur in the first trimester.

• Smoking, alcoholism and drug addiction increase the risk of a miscarriage. Stages of Prenatal Development

ETAPA / PERIODO EVENTS Etapa fetal

(De la novena semana hasta el nacimiento).

• The first bone cells appear.

• The fetus grows rapidly to about 20 times its anterior length and the apparatus and organs increase its level of complexity.

• Until birth, the development of nails and the eyelids.

• Breathes, kicks, turns, flexes, startsles, swallows, clenps, hiccups, sucks his finger and feels pain.

Factors Affecting Development

GENETIC

 Genetic abnormalities? and Chromosomal

 Defects due to? dominant or recessive inheritance

 Inheritance defects? linked to sex

Factors Affecting Development

ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES: Maternal Factors

Nutrition and weight of the mother

 Malnutrition?

 Physical activity and strenuous work?

 Drug use?

 Diseases of the mother?

 Maternal anxiety and stress?

 Mother’s age?

 Risks of the external environment?

(Environmental pollution, etc.)

Factors Affecting Development

ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES: Parental Factors

If a man is exposed to lead, marijuana, or cigarette smoke, large amounts of alcohol or radiation, insecticides, or elevated ozone levels, he may have abnormal or poor-quality sperm.

Men who smoke are more likely to pass on genetic abnormalities.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

http://www.healthguide911.com/2017/01/safe-motherhood-healthy-timing-of-births.html

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

Types of Birth Labor

 Natural childbirth- It is the physiological process with which the woman finishes her gestation at term (between 37 and 42 weeks completed). Its onset is spontaneous, develops and ends without complications, culminates with the birth of a baby and does not need more intervention than comprehensive and respectful support.?

 Cesarean section – Recommended when labor proceeds too slowly, when the fetus appears to be in trouble, or when the mother has vaginal bleeding.?

 Prepared delivery – Method that includes education, breathing exercises, and social support to induce controlled physical responses to uterine contractions and lessen fear and pain.?

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-ND

http://theconversation.com/is-caesarean-now-the-normal-way-to-give-birth-and-should-we-be-worried-3179

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/

Congratulations you have completed the theoretical summary of this week’s topic!

Actively participate in collaborative sessions.

Remember that to successfully build your learning it is important that:

Review as many times as you require the information contained in the modules folder (includes this presentation).

Read the reference material to clarify doubts.

Develop all activities as stated in the instructions.

Submit assignments on the date indicated through the educational platform.

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