NR704 Week 3-Epidemiologic Principles Worksheet
Epidemiologic Principles Worksheet
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Guidelines and Grading Rubric
Purpose
The purpose of this assignment is to help you to begin to
understand and apply the important counts, ratios, and statistics presented in
healthcare and epidemiological research. Remember to use the list of formulas
presented prior to the problems and to carefully consider the purpose of each
calculation and how it is interpreted. Also, do not forget the importance of
the proper denominator such as per 100, per 1,000, per 10,000 etc.
Course Outcomes
This assignment provides documentation of students’ ability
to meet the following course outcomes:
(CO #1) Distinguish the roles and relationships between
epidemiology and biostatistics in the prevention of disease and the improvement
of health. (PO#1)
(CO #2) Assimilate principles of epidemiology with
scientific data necessary for epidemiologic intervention and draw appropriate
inferences from epidemiologic data. (PO#1)
(CO #4) Utilize appropriate public health terminology and
definitions of epidemiology necessary for intra-/interprofessional
collaboration in advanced nursing practice.
(PO#8)
Points
This assignment is worth 50 points.
Due Date
Submit your completed worksheet to the Dropbox by Sunday
11:59 p.m. MT of Week 3 as directed.
Requirements
1. Complete the
Risk Calculation Worksheet located in Doc Sharing.
2. For each
question, identify the correct answer.
3. Submit the
worksheet to the Dropbox by 11:59 p.m. MT Sunday of Week 3.
Preparing the Worksheet
The following are best practices for preparing this
assignment:
1. Prior to
completing this worksheet, review the lessons, reading and course text up to
this point. Also review the tables of calculations.
2. Each question
is worth 5 points.
3. There is only
one right answer for each of the 10 problems.
4. You will upload
the completed worksheet to the Dropbox.
Epidemiological Formulas and Statistics
Parameter
Definition
Formula
Incidence (exposed)
Incidence of new cases of disease in persons who were
exposed
number (exposed with disease)/total number of exposed
Incidence (unexposed)
Incidence of new cases of disease in persons who were not
exposed
number (unexposed with disease)/total number of unexposed
Incidence of Disease
Measure of risk: Total number in a population with a disease
divided by the total number of the population
Number with the disease/ total population number
Relative Risk
Risk of disease in one group versus another: Risk of
developing a disease after exposure. If this number is 1, it means there is no
risk. R(exposed)/Risk (unexposed)
(# exposed with disease[divided by]/total of all exposed)
(# of unexposed with disease/[divided by]total of all
unexposed)
Odds Ratio
A measure of exposure and disease outcome commonly used in
case control studies
R(exposed) / R
(unexposed)
1- R(exposed)
1-R(unexposed)
Prevalence
The number of cases of a disease in a given time regardless
of when it began (new and old cases)
(Persons with the disease/ Total population) X 1000
Attributable Risk
The difference in disease in those exposed and unexposed and
is calculated from prospective data; directly attributed to exposure (if
exposure is gone, disease would be gone)
R(exposed) – R(unexposed)
Crude Birth Rate
The number of live
births per 1,000 people in the population
(# of births/estimated midyear population) X 1000
Crude Death Rate
The number of deaths
per 1,000 people in the population
(# of deaths/estimated midyear population) X 1000
Fetal Death Rate
The number of fetal deaths (20 weeks or more gestation) per
1,000 live births
(# of fetal deaths/ # of live births + fetal deaths) X 1000
Annual Mortality Rate
Usually an expression of a specific disease or can be all
causes per 1,000 people for a year
(# of deaths of all causes (or a specific disease)/midyear
population) X 1000
Cause Specific Mortality Rate
Usually an expression of a specific disease per 1,000 people
for a year
(# of deaths per a specific disease)/midyear population) X
1000
Case Fatality Rate
The parentage of individuals who have a specific disease and
die within a specific time after diagnosis
(# of persons dying from a disease after diagnosis or set
period/ # of persons with the disease) X 100
Answer the following questions. Remember that there is only
one right answer for each item.
1. The
population in the city of Springfield, Missouri, in March, 2014, was 200,000.
The number of new cases of HIV was 28 between January 1 and
June 30, 2014.
The number of current HIV cases was 130 between January 1
and June 30, 2014.
The incidence rate of HIV cases for this 6-month period was
A. 7 per 100,000
of the population.
B. 14 per 100,000
of the population.
C. 28 per 100,000
of the population.
D. 85 per 100,000
of the population.
2. The
prevalence rate of HIV cases in Springfield, Missouri, as of June 30, 2014, was
A. 14 per 100,000
of the population.
B. 28 per 100,000
of the population.
C. 79 per 100,000
of the population.
D. 130 per
100,000 of the population.
3. In a North
African country with a population of 5 million people, 50,000 deaths occurred
during 2014. These deaths included 5,000 people from malaria out of 10,000
persons who had malaria.
What was the total annual mortality rate for 2014 for this
country? (Please show your work.)
4. What was the
cause-specific mortality rate from malaria? (Please show your work.)
5. What was the
case-fatality percentage from malaria?
6. Fill in and
total the 4 X 4 table for the following disease parameters:
· Total number
of people with lung cancer in a given population = 120
· Total number
of people with lung cancer who smoked = 90
· Total number
of people with lung cancer who did not smoke = 30
· Total number
of people who smoked = 150
· Total number
of people in the population = 350
Fill in the missing parameters based on the above
information.
YES LUNG CANCER
NO LUNG CANCER
TOTALS
YES SMOKING
NO SMOKING
TOTALS
7. From Question
6, what is the total number of people with no lung cancer?
8. From question
6, what is the total number of people who smoked but did not have lung cancer?
9. Set up the
problem for relative risk based on the table in #6.
10. Calculate the
relative risk.
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